减反射膜可以有效降低光在传播过程中的损耗,应用在太阳能电池中能有效提高能量利用效率.减反射膜是一层折射率介于空气和基板之间的光学薄膜,能减少或消除光学元件表面的反射光,从而增加透光量,因此在光学研究中占有重要地位.溶胶凝胶法是当前材料制备的重要手段之一,与其他方法相比具有产物均匀、反应温度低、可调控性强等显著优点,是制备减反射膜的理想方法.本文介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备减反射膜的原理,综述了近年来溶胶-凝胶法制备减反射膜的研究进展,特别是对溶胶-凝胶法制备的三类典型减反射膜作了深入讨论,总结了各种不同结构的优缺点,展望了溶胶-凝胶制备减反射膜的前景和面临的挑战.
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